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                  <text>Presbyterians who favored the religious revivalism of George Whitefield organized a Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1743. Second was a “New Side” church as opposed to the “Old Side” First Presbyterian Church. For many years, the congregation worshipped in its building at Third and Arch streets, where the first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. met in 1789. In 1837, the church moved to Seventh and Arch, and in 1872, to 21st and Walnut. In 1949, the congregation united with First Presbyterian Church.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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                <text>Act re-establishing the charter, 1780</text>
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                <text>During the American Revolution, the trustees of the Second Presbyterian Church found it difficult to gather the quorum required by their original charter in order to conduct church business. They also desired the freedom to hold property in a greater amount than allowed for in the original charter. This document reaffirms the charter of Second Presbyterian Church in the City of Philadelphia, while also allowing for a smaller quorum and increased investments.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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                <text>Charter of the Congregation Beth El Emeth, 1857</text>
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                <text>1857</text>
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                <text>The official charter and constitution of the Congregation Beth El Emeth, singed by the original leaders of the congregation and incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia in 1857. Beth El Emeth emerged from Mikveh Israel, under the leadership of Mikveh Israel's retired Rev. Isaac Leeser. After Leeser's death, Beth El Emeth dissolved, and its records returned to Mikveh Israel.</text>
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                  <text>A 1703 land grant from Governor Inglesby of the Jerseys opens St. Michael's document collection. It gives four English farmers land to build a church on the hills north of the Delaware falls which they shared with Scot farmers. The latter soon built themselves what was to become First Presbyterian Church (now of Ewing). In the early years, Anglicans and Presbyterians frequently shared worship and church governance, as neither had a full-time minister. St.Mary's (Anglican) church in Burlington had a full sanctuary building since 1703 and was the 'mother church' for the region, often supplying the Trenton area its minister. The founder of Trenton, William Trent, arrived from Philadelphia in 1719, joining the what was to become St. Michael's parish, and by the 1740's land in Trenton proper was given to the congregation by General John Coxe, son of a prominent parishioner from St. Mary's, Daniel Coxe, who was the first Grand Master of the Scottish Rite of Masons on the continent.  St. Michael's original Trenton sanctuary was completed in 1751, then enlarged in 1801, 1819, and the 1850's to its present footprint. &#13;
&#13;
To avoid being embroiled in national politics and endangering its future, the church was closed immediately after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. It served as a Hessian barracks and Continental hospital during the war, and worship resumed at the war's conclusion.  It's vestry included David Brearley, who in 1787, as Chief Justice of NJ, served as Chairman of the "Committee on Postponed Parts" in the Constitutional Convention, playing a substantial role in shaping the final document while brokering the decisions that contributed to our current form of government.  In 1801, St. Michael's was used as the location for the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, at which time the current Articles of Religion were ratified. There, at the Annual Convention in 1815 the NJ Diocese was founded and its first bishop elected. Throughout the middle and late 19th century, St. Michael's founded mission schools and churches in and around Trenton. A detailed history of the church was written in the 1920's by Hamilton Schuyler, and is available online.  The documents in the collection were used to write that history and thus far include the parish proceedings from 1750 through the 1850's, the engineering specifications for the 1819 renovations, the church charter, along with birth, marriage, and death records from the period.  An interesting drawing of the layout of pews, which seems to be in David Brearley's handwriting, appears in the parish books. The documents also contain one of our original Books of Common Prayer from the 1740's, with marked-up changes, post-Revolution. &#13;
&#13;
The parish of the English Church was founded in 1703 on farmlands outside of town. The founder of Trenton, William Trent, arrived from Philadelphia in 1719, joining  St. Michael's parish, and the sanctuary in town was completed in 1751. To avoid being embroiled in national politics and endangering its future, the church was closed immediately after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. It served as a Hessian barracks and Continental hospital during the war. It's vestry included David Brearley, who in 1787, as Chief Justice of NJ, served as Chairman of the "Committee on Postponed Parts" in the Constitutional Convention. In 1801 the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States was held there and the current Articles of Religion were ratified. </text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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                <text>Meeting minutes of the vestry of the United Swedish Lutheran Churches of Wicaco (Gloria Dei), Kingsessing and Upper Merion. The book begins with a partial index of contents, then the charter of incorporation for the three churches. Meeting minutes start in 1765, and include the date, list of attendees, and business discussed. Topics covered include, but are not limited to: election of vestrymen and selection of other church employees such as wardens, clerks and deacons; filling and supporting the position of minister; management of church finances, including rents and deeds; establishing rules for the management of the cemetery and assignment of pews; communications with Swedish royalty and church leaders in Europe; appointing committees and receiving their reports; assisting widows and the sick and poor of the congregations; and mediating conflict. Many of the early entries concern the vestry's defense of minister, Dr. Carl Magnus Wrangel.</text>
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Business includes, but is not limited to: collection of pew rents; record keeping; elections to leadership and appointments to committees; resignations, appointments and payment of staff; upkeep of building and grounds; fundraising for the mission society and Sunday school; and preparation of a charter to be reviewed by the state legislature.</text>
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                <text>Vestry minutes of the United Congregations of Christ Church and St. Peter's from 1761 to 1784. Each entry records the date and place of the meeting, members present and business discussed. Regular business includes elections of church leaders and hiring and payment of church staff; fundraising and the ongoing settlement of various financial accounts; establishment and collection of pew rents; and maintenance and repair of church buildings and grounds. 

Other important events and topics include:

The opening of St. Peter's and the establishment of the United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's in 1761, with shared government and finances. Minutes include draft and final versions of the charter for the United Churches. 

The response of the United Churches to the 1763 "Indian invasion" of the "back provinces" of Pennsylvania and subsequent correspondence with church officials from York and Cumberland Counties on behalf of "families on the frontier."

The 1763 review and approval of Reverend William Sturgeon's fulfillment of his duty as the "Catechist to the Negroe Children for the Society for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts."

The 1772 bequest from Dr. John Kearsley that funded the development of the Christ Church Hospital for poor women and widows.

The American Revolution. Minutes from the Vestry meeting of July 4, 1776, when the Vestry resolved at the onset of the American Revolution: "Whereas the Honorable Continental Congress have resolved to declare the American Colonies to be free and independent States, In consequence of which it will be proper to omit those Petitions in the Liturgy wherein the King of Great Britain is prayed for, as inconsistent with the said Declaration. Therefore Resolved, that it appears to this Vestry to be necessary for the peace and well-being of the Churches to omit the said Petitions, and the Rector and Assistant Ministers of the United Churches are requested in the Name of the Vestry and their Constituents to omit such petitions as are above mentioned." (p. 338) 

Subsequent minutes reveal effects of the war, including the loss of pew rents after many parishioners fled the city during the British occupation, the damage to church property caused by the British army, and the departure of Reverend Coombe, who could not tolerate the conflict of serving revolutionary subjects while ordained and governed by the Church of England.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Minutes of the vestry of the United Churches from 1784 to 1815; first as the United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's, then as the United Churches of Christ Church, St. Peter's Church and St. James's Church. The first mention of St. James's occurs on p. 151 in the meeting minutes from March 30, 1807, in which a building committee was appointed to erect the new church. By 1810, the vestry is incorporating St. James's Church into their charter.

Entries include the date and place of the meeting, members attending, and business discussed. Topics include church elections, improvements to buildings and grounds, fundraising efforts, burial requests, and the ongoing operation of Christ Church hospital.

Recorded at the rear of the book are legacies, gifts, and donations made to an assortment of church related funds by various congregation members. Of note is a transcribed copy of Dr. John Kearsley's will. This volume has inserted at page 47 two additional items: a printed excerpt from the minutes of October 30, 1752 and a printed version of Bishop White's sermon delivered on June 21, 1786. Note: Blank pages were not scanned.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="310635">
                <text>Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="310636">
                <text>Parish elections</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310637">
                <text>Church records and registers</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310638">
                <text>Church finance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310639">
                <text>United Churches of Christ-Church, St. Peter's, and St. James's (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310640">
                <text>Kearsley, John, 1684-1772</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310641">
                <text>White, William, 1748-1836</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310642">
                <text>United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310643">
                <text>Church management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310644">
                <text>Church fund raising</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310645">
                <text>Church committees</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310646">
                <text>Church buildings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310647">
                <text>Cemeteries</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310648">
                <text>Church bells</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310649">
                <text>Poor</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310650">
                <text>Charity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310651">
                <text>Hospitals</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310652">
                <text>Charters</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310653">
                <text>Episcopalians</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="310654">
                <text>Episcopal Church</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
